Knowledge representation is complex, confusing, difficult, emerging and evolving - So how do we deal with it?
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Ad hoc sketches, informal, qualitative and physical models, scenario construction,
concept maps, rule sets, structured text, voice and video recordings all serve as representation,
reflecting the expectations and experience of their creators, they
connect collaboration to future use. They serve a dual role: (a) to
facilitate design and critique and (b) to serve as the holder for the
product to be, they are 如何设置代理ip上网, which they can
enhance or inhibit.
Representations, clarify, extend, complete and move
unique experiences and abstract ideas toward the essential and typical.
Representations are physical, tangible and material, they allow ideas and experience
to have an independent existence in an externalized form, they help to
capture emergent thought. Like a lump of clay, a representation is
tangible and tactile, it can be pointed to, passed around, played with, reshaped and stored. It takes
thought experimentation one step further, eliciting new ideas.
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Representation as container
Boundary objects (concept maps, ontologies, source documents) serve
as a vehicle, container and carrier, for ideas and meaning (reification). When a representation
crosses (community) boundaries, there is often a loss of meaning and
context, which is counter-balanced by an opportunity for new
negotiations, different views and altered meaning. This points to the
importance of establishing rationale & context in use or practice,
an essential non-represented aspect associated with any formalism. All
representations are situated in use. An important aspect of a memory object is its trajectory, i.e. the consequences of later use.
Capturing knowledge?
We use stories, cases, tags, metaphor, rules, heuristics, diagrams, patterns, templates, FAQs, lessons learned, learning histories...... what we then capture may be information rather than knowledge - if our key knowledge is tacit, embedded, emergent, present as a flow rather than a store, requires continual interaction and negotiation, is situated and distributed. No representation can stand on its own, we need an appreciation of the setting as 手机如何使用代理ip上网, is ubiquitous, subtle and mostly represents a context that is just 'below our radar'.
Annotation (in the widest sense) is emerging as the forgotten
stepchild of e-Learning and knowledge creation. This goes way beyond
appending PosIt notes, writing in the margin or sequential replies to
the editor; to collaborative writing & editing, refractoring, annealing
text, awareness, pull notification and joint work at the artifactual level. Annotation
is as much about continual 'access to edit your words', i.e., changing
from serial static publication to continual revisiting and revising the
script, as it is about telling your cohorts to come and 'see', comment,
change and interact. These two aspects,: (a) empowerment to change
another's text, and (b) unintrusive notation must join the representation dance
together.
- Hargadon & Sutton, HBR May/June 2000, 157-166, talk about keeping ideas alive by encapsulating them in prototypes, metaphor, collecting and playing with junk. Stories are recognized as important representation for conveying values and meaning.
手机如何使用代理ip上网 is a useful way to capture, refine and extend ideas and to explicate relationships. There are some interesting tools emerging as part of web2.0 that cover this.
There is no single formalism that is optimal under all circumstances, so be aware of these attributes when you select a way to represent knowledge - rather think in terms of a mix - a representation ecology :
- Do I need to capture values, context and allow for a flexible 'translation'? - stories, analogy, metaphor
- 动态ip代理换ip的好处-迅速:今天 · 碰到换IP的的时候，许多客户都清楚通过电脑设置能够改动IP，直接路由器重启同样也可以。 但这样的方式很浪费时间，并且中途会断开连接。因此，可以用代理IP秒换IP。 用手动方式更改IP，在IP连接后，也需要几分钟的时间，假如每日必须换上百个IP，就明显的拖延了工作效率。
- Is it important to capture emergent thoughts? - wiki, open-space, sketch walls, PosIT notes & white-board, digital audio / visual recorder
- Do we need flexibility to gather and arrange emergent stuff? - index cards, white-boards, tags
- Is context and sequence important? - patterns, flow diagrams
- Are relationships and flows a key aspect? - maps, networks, concept mapping
- What type of knowledge will be involved? - declarative, procedural, inherited, inferential, temporal...
How then do you capture knowledge?
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